Phase 1: Z80 Assembly Through Character-Based Games

Phase 1 introduces you to Z80 assembly programming through creating 16 complete games. Each game teaches one core programming concept while building a playable, engaging experience that showcases the ZX Spectrum’s unique character-based graphics and attribute system.

Learning Philosophy: One Concept, One Game

Each game in Phase 1 focuses on a single core programming concept:

1. Cursor Quest - Character movement and attribute effects
2. Symbol Search - Pattern matching and screen scanning
3. Wall Weaver - Maze navigation and collision detection
4. Flash Match - Timing and synchronization
5. Arrow Path - Direction control and pathfinding
6. Grid Logic - Logic puzzles and problem solving
7. Block Drop - Gravity simulation and stacking
8. Tank Fill - Resource management and optimization
9. Guard Patrol - Simple AI and pattern recognition
10. Phase Walk - State changes and transformations
11. Color Claim - Territory control using attributes
12. Link Letters - Chain mechanics and combinations
13. Path Finder - Navigation and route planning
14. Wall Builder - Construction and barrier mechanics
15. Quick Keys - Reflex and speed challenges
16. Spectrum Showcase - Advanced attribute techniques

Why 16 Games?

Focused Learning: Each game concentrates on one concept, preventing overwhelming complexity while ensuring mastery.

Immediate Application: Every Z80 instruction you learn serves a purpose in your current game project.

Portfolio Building: Graduate with 16 complete games showcasing different skills and techniques.

Genre Diversity: Experience various game types, from action to puzzles to simulations.

Progressive Complexity: Start with simple concepts and build to advanced techniques.

ZX Spectrum-Specific Advantages

Character-Based Graphics: Master the Spectrum’s unique character mode with 8×8 pixel characters.

Attribute System: Learn to work with the Spectrum’s color attribute system and manage color clash.

Memory Constraints: Develop efficient programming skills within the 48K memory limit.

Beeper Sound: Create music and sound effects using the simple beeper (plus AY chip on 128K models).

Authentic Experience: Use the same techniques and constraints that created classic Spectrum games.

Game Development Structure

Each game follows the same learning pattern over 32 lessons:

Foundation (Lessons 1-8)

• Set up the game structure and memory layout
• Create character graphics and screen layout
• Implement core mechanics and controls
• Add keyboard input handling

Enhancement (Lessons 9-16)

• Add visual polish using attributes
• Implement game state management
• Create scoring and progression systems
• Add collision detection and logic

Polish (Lessons 17-24)

• Integrate beeper sound effects and music
• Optimize performance for smooth gameplay
• Add advanced attribute effects
• Create menus and user interface

Mastery (Lessons 25-32)

• Professional-quality polish and refinement
• Advanced optimization techniques
• Special effects and visual tricks
• Complete game packaging and testing

Technical Skills Covered

Assembly Programming: Complete Z80 instruction set, addressing modes, and programming techniques.

Display System: Screen memory layout, attribute memory, character graphics, color management.

Audio Programming: Beeper sound generation, timing, music composition, AY chip programming (128K).

Memory Management: Efficient use of 48K RAM, screen buffer techniques, data organization.

Game Architecture: Main loops, state machines, object management, collision detection systems.

Optimization: Cycle counting, memory usage optimization, performance profiling.

Platform-Specific Features

Attribute Effects: Creative use of INK, PAPER, BRIGHT, and FLASH attributes.

Character Set Graphics: Custom character definitions for game graphics.

Screen Layout: Efficient organization of the 32×24 character display.

Color Clash Management: Techniques to minimize or creatively use color clash.

Memory Banking: Utilizing 128K models’ additional memory and AY sound chip.

Spectrum Heritage

Classic Techniques: Learn the methods used in famous Spectrum games like Manic Miner and Jet Set Willy.

Hardware Constraints: Turn limitations into creative advantages through clever programming.

British Gaming: Understand the unique aesthetic and approach of UK bedroom coders.

Community Spirit: Experience the collaborative culture that defined Spectrum development.

Learning Outcomes

By completing Phase 1, you will:

• Write fluent Z80 assembly code for the Spectrum
• Create complete games from concept to completion
• Master character-based graphics and attribute systems
• Build a portfolio of 16 finished games
• Understand professional Spectrum development techniques
• Be prepared for advanced topics in Phase 2

Assessment

Progress is measured through:

• Completion of each game (playable and engaging)
• Code quality, organization, and documentation
• Understanding of concepts demonstrated in code
• Creative use of Spectrum’s unique features
• Technical proficiency growth across projects

Each game serves as both a learning exercise and a portfolio piece, demonstrating your growing mastery of Z80 assembly programming and the distinctive character-based game development techniques that made the ZX Spectrum a beloved platform for creative programmers.