Overview
Progress that survived power-off. Before memory cards, cartridge games used battery-backed SRAM to retain save data. A small lithium battery maintained power to the save chip even when the console was off. This enabled RPGs with dozens of hours of gameplay, collection games like Pokémon, and any experience too complex for password systems.
Fast facts
- Pioneer: The Legend of Zelda (1986).
- Technology: SRAM + lithium battery.
- Lifespan: 10-30 years typical.
- Successor: Flash memory, memory cards.
How it works
| Component | Function |
|---|
| SRAM | Volatile storage |
| Battery | Continuous power |
| Write enable | Save triggers |
| Data retention | Power-independent |
Enabled genres
| Genre | Requirement |
|---|
| RPGs | Long playthroughs |
| Collection games | Persistent inventories |
| Simulation | Ongoing states |
| Strategy | Complex saves |
Battery lifespan
| Factor | Impact |
|---|
| Quality | Varies by manufacturer |
| Usage | Minimal effect |
| Age | Primary degradation |
| Replacement | User-serviceable |
Notable implementations
| Game | Save use |
|---|
| Zelda | Adventure progress |
| Pokémon | Collection data |
| Final Fantasy | Party/story state |
| SimCity | City persistence |
Modern concerns
| Issue | Status |
|---|
| Battery death | Ongoing with age |
| Data loss | Save corruption |
| Replacement | Enthusiast repair |
| Preservation | Archival challenges |
See also