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Techniques & Technology

Crafting Systems

Making from materials

Crafting systems let players transform gathered resources into tools, weapons, and structures, creating gameplay loops that reward exploration and resource management.

pcMacplaystation-4xbox-onenintendo-switch gameplaysurvivaldesign 2009–present

Overview

Gather, combine, create. Crafting systems transform collected resources into useful items through recipes or freeform combination. Minecraft’s grid-based crafting spawned an entire genre; survival games made crafting essential to progression. The mechanic creates satisfying loops—exploration finds resources, crafting creates tools, better tools enable deeper exploration.

Fast facts

  • Popularised by: Minecraft (2011).
  • Core loop: Gather → Craft → Use.
  • Appeal: Creative agency.
  • Risk: Inventory management tedium.

Recipe types

SystemApproach
Grid placementMinecraft’s spatial recipes
Menu selectionTraditional RPG
WorkbenchStation-based
FreeformExperimental combination

Resource gathering

MethodExample
MiningOre extraction
ForagingPlant collection
HuntingAnimal materials
SalvagingBreaking items

Progression integration

StageAccess
Basic toolsStarting recipes
IntermediateUnlocked through play
AdvancedRare materials
EndgameComplex chains

Survival game loop

PhaseActivity
ExploreFind resources
GatherCollect materials
CraftCreate items
SurviveUse crafted tools

Design considerations

ChallengeSolution
Inventory bloatStorage systems
Recipe discoveryHinting, unlocks
Meaningful choicesResource scarcity
TediumBulk crafting

Genre prevalence

GenreIntegration
SurvivalCore mechanic
Open worldSupporting system
RPGEquipment creation
Base buildingConstruction focus

See also