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Companies & Studios

Midway

Arcade and controversy

Midway distributed classic arcade games including Pac-Man and Galaga in the US, later creating controversial hits like Mortal Kombat that sparked industry-wide content debates.

arcadeNESsega-mega-drive publisherdeveloperarcade 1958–2009

Overview

From pinball to fatalities. Midway began as a pinball and amusement company, became the US distributor for Namco’s arcade hits, then developed their own games—including Mortal Kombat, whose graphic violence triggered congressional hearings and the creation of the ESRB rating system.

Fast facts

  • Founded: 1958 (as Midway Manufacturing).
  • Role: Developer, publisher, distributor.
  • Merger: Absorbed Williams Electronics (1988).
  • Closure: Bankruptcy (2009).

As distributor

OriginalMidway US release
Pac-Man (Namco)1980
Galaga (Namco)1981
Galaxian (Namco)1979
Rally-X (Namco)1980

Original developments

TitleYearNote
Space Invaders Deluxe1979Enhanced version
Tron1982Disney license
Mortal Kombat1992Controversy milestone
NBA Jam1993Sports arcade hit

Mortal Kombat impact

AspectEffect
ViolenceDigitised gore
ControversyCongressional hearings
Industry responseESRB creation
LegacyOngoing franchise

Williams merger

CombinedResult
Williams catalogueDefender, Robotron
Midway brandingUnified identity
Development teamsCombined talent
Arcade dominanceMajor player

Decline

FactorImpact
Arcade declineCore market shrinking
Console transitionIncomplete adaptation
Financial troublesMultiple restructures
Bankruptcy2009 dissolution

See also