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Techniques & Technology

Branching Narrative

Your story, your choices

Branching narrative lets player decisions shape story outcomes, from minor dialogue variations to completely different endings, creating personalised experiences at massive development cost.

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Overview

Choice and consequence. Branching narrative promises that player decisions matter—not just in the moment, but across the entire story. The technique ranges from cosmetic variations to genuinely different plot paths. Heavy Rain offered radically different outcomes; The Witcher tracked consequences across games; Fallout: New Vegas provided four distinct endings. Every branch multiplies development cost exponentially.

Fast facts

  • Origins: Choose Your Own Adventure books.
  • Challenge: Exponential content.
  • Solution: Foldback structure.
  • Modern approach: Systemic consequences.

Branch types

TypeScope
CosmeticDialogue variations
TacticalImmediate outcomes
StrategicLong-term consequences
StructuralDifferent story paths

Structural patterns

PatternDescription
FoldbackBranches reconverge
Parallel pathsDistinct routes
Delayed consequenceLater payoff
Butterfly effectSmall choice, big impact

State tracking

SystemComplexity
Binary flagsSimple on/off
Numeric valuesRelationship meters
Quest statesMulti-stage tracking
World stateGlobal variables

Notable implementations

GameAchievement
The Witcher 2Act 2 split
Heavy RainCharacter death outcomes
Detroit: Become HumanFlowchart visualisation
Fallout: New VegasFaction endings

Development economics

Cost factorImpact
WritingMultiplied by branches
Voice actingExpensive per line
TestingCombinatorial paths
Art assetsUnique scenes

Player perception

RealityExperience
Illusion oftenEffective
Actual branchingResource-intensive
Delayed payoffSatisfying
Replay valueDiscovery

See also